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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Private highways in the United States ： ウィキペディア英語版 Private highways in the United States There are many private highways in the United States. The Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike, begun in 1792 between Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Lancaster, Pennsylvania was the first major American turnpike. According to Gerald Gunderson's ''Privatization and the 19th-Century Turnpike'', "In the first three decades of the 19th century Americans built more than 10,000 miles () of turnpikes, mostly in New England and the Middle Atlantic states. Relative to the economy at that time, this effort exceeded the post-World War II interstate highway system that present-day Americans assume had to be primarily planned and financed by the federal government".〔Gunderson, Gerald: (Privatization and the 19th-Century Turnpike ), Cato Journal, Vol. 9, No. 1, Spring/Summer 1989.〕 Because electronics did not exist in that era, all tolls had to be collected by human cashiers at toll booths, creating high fixed costs that could only be covered by a large volume of traffic. As railroads and steamboats began to compete with the turnpikes, the companies started to shut down their less profitable routes or turn them over to governments. (See for a listing.) The National Bridge Inventory lists roughly 2,200 privately owned highway bridges in 41 states and Puerto Rico.〔(Questions and Answers on National Bridge Inspection Standards )〕 ==Indiana Toll Road== (詳細はIndiana received $3.8 billion from a foreign consortium made up of the Spanish construction firm Cintra and the Macquarie Infrastructure Group of Australia, and in exchange the state ceded operation of the Indiana Toll Road for the next 75 years to these outside corporations. The consortium will collect all the tolls. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Private highways in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.